How to Build Deck Stairs in 10 Easy Steps

How To Build Deck Stairs

Building the perfect deck stairs might seem like an impossible task requiring precision and expertise. For most DIYers, deck stairs installation is part of a deck project that gets contracted out to professionals. One small misstep can lead to expensive wasted materials and a bruised ego.

At Deck Guardian, we’re here to simplify the process and guide you every step of the way. In this comprehensive guide, we will demystify the art of building deck stairs by providing you with clear, step-by-step instructions on how to accurately estimate step dimensions, efficiently layout and cut stair stringers and seamlessly assemble the stair components.

We’ll start by helping you understand the basics of stair design and the importance of getting your measurements right from the outset. In this guide on how to build deck stairs, we’ll help you calculate the rise and run and show you how to choose the right materials. Our aim is to equip you with the knowledge and confidence needed to tackle this project like a pro.

So, whether you’re a seasoned DIY enthusiast or a first-time builder, follow along as we break down the complexities of building deck stairs into manageable steps so your deck not only looks great but is also safe and sturdy.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of the materials and tools needed for building deck stairs, along with brief explanations of how each tool will be used:

Getting Started: Materials Needed for Building Deck Steps

Building deck steps requires you to have the appropriate tools for the job. Here’s a list of the basic necessities you should have on hand:

• Lumber: This is used to create the stair stringers, treads, and risers. Ensure you choose durable, pressure-treated wood suitable for outdoor use.
• Fasteners: Includes nails and screws specifically designed for use with treated lumber to ensure a secure and lasting construction.
• Chalk Line: To mark straight, accurate lines on the lumber before cutting, ensuring that your cuts for stringers, treads, and risers are precise.
• Circular Saw: This tool is used to make the initial cuts on your stringers and cut the lumber to the required lengths for treads and risers.
• Clamps (with a reach of at least 18 inches): To secure the lumber in place on the sawhorses during cutting, providing stability and safety.
• Drill/Driver: For drilling pilot holes and driving screws when assembling the stringers, treads, risers, and when attaching the stair assembly to the deck.
• Framing Square: This is essential for marking out the cuts on your stringers. When used with stair gauges, it helps replicate the exact angle and dimensions for each step.
• Hammer: For driving nails when securing the treads and risers to the stringers and for any other nailing needs throughout the project.
• Handsaw: For finishing cuts that the circular saw cannot complete without overcutting, particularly at the corners of the stringer notches.
• Level: Check that all components of the stairs are level and even, ensuring that they are safe and comfortable to use.
• Safety Glasses: To protect your eyes from sawdust, flying debris, and any other potential hazards during cutting and assembly.
• Sawhorses: To support the lumber while measuring, marking, and cutting, providing a stable work surface.
• Stair Gauge: This device attaches to the framing square and helps hold the square at the specific dimensions needed for repeated markings on the stringers.
• Measuring Tape: This tool is used to take precise measurements of the space where the stairs will be installed and the materials to be cut.
• Pencil: This is for marking measurements and cutting lines on your materials.

Having all these materials and tools ready before you begin your project will make the process smoother and more efficient. Each tool plays a crucial role in different stages of the stair-building process, from preparation through to assembly, ensuring accuracy and safety at every step.

Deck Stairs Installation: A Step-by-Step Guide for DIYers

Step 1: Measure the Total Rise to the Deck Landing

• Visualize a stair slope around a 40-degree angle and identify a point where the stairs will land.
• Place a straight piece of lumber on the deck, extending it to your estimated landing point. Use a level to ensure it’s flat.
• Measure the distance from the end of the lumber down to the ground. This measurement is the total rise, or height, of your stairs, noted as “X.”

Step 2: Calculate the Number of Risers

• Divide the total rise “X” by 7 inches (average step height). Round the result to the nearest whole number to determine the number of risers needed.
• Check the riser height falls within the typical range of 6-1/2 to 8 inches. Adjust by re-calculating with 8 inches if the initial riser height is too high.

Step 3: Determine the Number of Treads and Total Run

• Subtract one from the number of risers to find out how many treads you need (there’s always one fewer tread than risers).
• Multiply the number of treads by 10-1/4 inches (the width for two 2x6s) to calculate the total run.

Step 4: Layout the Stair Stringers

• Use a framing square clamped with stair gauges to mark the risers and treads on a 2×12 stringer.
• Adjust the square along the wood to replicate the stair slope, marking each step.
• Note special adjustments: the top tread is 3/4 in. shorter, and the bottom riser is 1-1/2 in. shorter than the others.

Step 5: Cut the Stringers

• With a circular saw, cut along the marked lines only until just before the end of each notch.
• Finish each cut with a handsaw to prevent overcutting and weakening the wood.
• Use the first stringer as a template to mark and cut the other stringers.

Step 6: Establish the Landing and Attach the Stringers

• Prepare a solid landing base using a concrete slab, pavers, or a leveled wooden frame over gravel.
• Position and secure the stringers to the deck using 3-inch deck screws. Ensure alignment and stability.

Step 7: Install the Risers and Treads

• Start from the bottom and attach the first riser with galvanized nails.
• Follow by installing the first tread, leaving a 1/4-inch gap between the boards for drainage and expansion.
• Continue alternating risers and treads until you reach the top.

Step 8: Check Alignment and Square the Stairs

• Use a level and a tape measure to ensure all elements are even and properly aligned.
• Adjust as necessary to maintain even spacing and a straight structure.

Step 9: Attach Skirt Boards and Additional Supports

• Secure skirt boards to the rim joist of the deck with screws, aligning them with the outer stringers.
• Add 2×6 supports across the stringers for extra stability.

Step 10: Final Touches and Safety Check

• Install handrails and test the stability of the stairs.
• Make sure all screws are tightened and that there are no protruding nails or rough edges.

Always double-check your measurements and cuts, and consult more detailed tutorials or seek advice from experienced builders like Deck Guardian when needed.

Deck Safety Considerations For Building Deck Steps

When building deck steps, safety should be at the forefront of your mind. It’s essential to not only ensure that your new deck steps look great but that they also meet all safety standards to prevent accidents. Here are key safety considerations to keep in mind:

• Proper Handrail Installation. Handrails are crucial for preventing falls and should be installed on both sides of deck stairs with four or more steps. Ensure that handrails are sturdy, securely fastened, and at an appropriate height (typically between 34 and 38 inches above the stair treads) to provide support and stability for users of all ages.
• Check for Code Compliance. Before construction begins, familiarize yourself with local building codes relevant to deck stairs. Building codes can vary significantly depending on the location but generally include specifications for the width and height of stairs and risers, tread depth, and handrail requirements. Compliance with these codes is a must not only for safety but also to ensure that your deck steps are legally up to standard should you decide to sell your home.
• Adding Anti-Slip Treatments. To prevent slips and falls, especially in wet or icy conditions, consider applying anti-slip treatments to the stair treads. Options include anti-slip tape, applying a coat of textured paint, or attaching specially designed rubber or composite treads that increase traction. These treatments are particularly important in climates where stairs may become slick due to rain, snow, or ice.

By prioritizing these safety considerations, you’ll create a safer environment around your deck steps, reducing the risk of accidents and ensuring that your deck is a secure and enjoyable space for everyone.

Get Expertly Built Deck Stairs with Deck Guardian

Building deck stairs is an important step in expanding your outdoor living space. They offer both good looks and appropriate access to your elevated deck. Throughout this guide, we’ve walked you through the stages of planning, measuring, cutting, and assembling deck stairs, demystifying the process to make it approachable for DIY enthusiasts of all levels.

The journey to perfect deck stairs does not end here. Regular maintenance and adherence to safety checks are essential to preserve the longevity and safety of your stairs. For those tackling this project for the first time, don’t hesitate to reach out to professionals like Deck Guardian for guidance or to ensure your deck meets all local code requirements and safety standards.

As you move forward with your decking project, consider revisiting this guide on how to build deck stairs and consulting with experts to refine your skills. Your efforts today will lead to a beautiful, durable deck that will be enjoyed for years. Call us today, and let’s make your deck staircase a standout feature of your home!